C2867

Cytochrome c from equine heart

BioUltra, ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture

• Synonym(s): CYC, CytC, Cytochrome c from horse heart
• CAS Number: 9007-43-6
• EC Number: 232-700-9
• MDL number: MFCD00130890
• UNSPSC Code: 12352202
• NACRES: NA.25

Properties

• biological source: horse heart
• Quality Level: 300
• product line: BioUltra
• Assay: ≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
• form: powder
• mol wt: 12,384
• storage condition: (Tightly closed Dry)
• technique(s): cell culture | mammalian: suitable
• solubility: water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown
• UniProt accession no.: P00004
• storage temp.: −20°C
• Gene Information: horse ... CYCS(100053958)

Description

General description

Cytochrome C (Cyt C) is a nuclear DNA-encoded protein. It is derived from its precursor apo-cytochrome c and moves across the outer membrane of the mitochondria.

Research area: Apoptosis

Application

Cytochrome c from equine heart has been used to prepare a stock solution for synthesizing and calibrating biotinylated cytochrome c. It has also been used as a component of the reaction buffer to stain electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV and determine its activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis.

The specific sites and extent of oxidation in horse cytochrome c treated with H₂O₂ and UV were characterized. It was suggested that the state of these sites could be used as a biomarker for the oxidative environment in a cell.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Cytochrome C (Cyt C) acts as a potent signaling molecule of apoptosis by activating caspase 3, a death protease. It plays a role in heme-binding with the help of cytochrome c heme lyase which facilitates its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Cyt C also exhibits lipid-binding by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that initiates protein unfolding and activates the peroxidase function in Cyt C.

Cytochrome c is primarily known as an electron-carrying mitochondrial protein. The transition of cytochrome c between the ferrous and ferric states within the cell makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter and it plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. It is generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, forming an essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen

Preparation Note

A further purification of C2506

Prepared using TCA.

Other Notes

View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.

Safety Information

• Storage Class Code: 11 - Combustible Solids
• WGK: WGK 3
• Flash Point(F): Not applicable
• Flash Point(C): Not applicable
• Personal Protective Equipment: dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves