Human apo-SAA is a 104 amino acid polypeptide that circulates primarily in association with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The level of apo-SAA, normally 1-5 μg/ml in plasma, increases 500-1000 fold within 24 hours of an inflammatory stimulus and, under these conditions, is the most abundant HDL apo-lipoprotein. The human SAA gene codes for a 122 amino acid polypeptide, which contains an 18 amino acid N-terminal signal sequence.

Research Area: IMMUNO AND CKS
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are a group of apolipoproteins produced in response to cytokines released by activated monocytes/macrophages. SAA is a highly conserved acute-phase protein primarily synthesized by the liver.

Apo-SAA human has been used to culture and stimulate RAW264.7 macrophages to study its effects on visfatin expression.

Apo-serum amyloid A has been used to study its effect on the expression of Visfatin in macrophages.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an equally sensitive marker for the acute phase as C-reactive protein (CRP). It is the most sensitive non-invasive biochemical indicator for allograft rejection. The function of SAA as a cytokine-like protein has been acknowledged in cell-cell communication and as a feedback mechanism in inflammatory, immunologic, neoplastic, and protective pathways. SAA plays a crucial role in the regulation and potentially the spread of the initial acute phase response.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is found normally at concentrations of 0.1μM in blood. However, its concentration increases up to 1000-fold under stress. It has been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. It is found to participate in the inflammatory response by facilitating chemotaxis, migration, and adhesion of inflammatory cells, particularly monocytes/macrophages. SAA is also found to induce the synthesis and secretion of multiple kinds of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and Lp-PLA2 (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2).

Sterile filtered and Lyophilized without additives.

Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Reconstitute in 0.1% acetic acid to a concentration of 1 μg/ul. This solution can then be diluted into other aqueous buffers.