Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a widely utilized buffer solution in biological research, valued for its versatility and essential attributes. Notably, its isotonicity closely mirrors the pH, osmolarity, and ion concentrations of the human body, rendering it non-toxic to cells. This pivotal characteristic plays a crucial role in diverse cell biology procedures, including the gentle washing of cells, safe transportation of tissues, and precise dilution of cells and reagents. These applications contribute to the preservation of cell viability and the establishment of a conducive physiological environment. The buffering capacity of PBS, sustained by a phosphate-phosphoric acid equilibrium, establishes a stable pH environment crucial for optimal enzyme activity and various biological processes. This makes PBS an ideal choice for tasks such as preparing reagents, protein dialysis, and immunohistochemistry, ensuring the reproducibility and reliability of experimental results.

Expanding beyond cell biology, PBS demonstrates versatility in applications such as creating custom ELISA buffers for optimal antibody-antigen interactions. Moreover, it serves as a proficient running buffer for Protein A/G chromatography, facilitating antibody purification based on specific antigen binding. In hematological and biochemical procedures, PBS plays a pivotal role in the effective washing of cells and tissues. In summary, PBS stands out as an indispensable tool in both biological and biochemical research, offering isotonicity, buffering capacity, simplicity, and stability. Its diverse applications in cell biology, reagent preparation, protein purification, and various biological assays underscore its profound significance in advancing scientific knowledge and understanding.

Phosphate buffered saline has been used-

• for the production of platinum nanoparticles (NP-Pt) hydrocolloids
• for the washing of blood sample and SEM (scanning electron microscope) stubs prior to SEM
• for preparing the solution of fluorescent lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)
• for the dilution of capture antibody during ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)
• for suspension of cell pellets during centrifugation
• in immunoassay procedures

One tablet dissolved in 200 mL of deionized water yields 0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.0027 M potassium chloride and 0.137 M sodium chloride, pH 7.4, at 25 °C.

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