β-estradiol is a natural human estrogen. It is important for the growth of breast and reproductive epithelia, maturation of long bones and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol is produced by immature germ cells, spermatozoa, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. It plays a crucial role in proliferation, regulation of ion transport and regulation of apoptosis in Sertoli cells. Estradiol regulates sperm concentration, motility and morphology. β-estradiol functions as a menopausal hormone. It is implicated in replacement therapy for female hypogonadism or primary ovarian failure. Reduced levels of β-estradiol are associated with heart disease and osteoporosis.

β-Estradiol is used to study cell differentiation and transformations (tumorigenicity).

β-estradiol has been used:

• for primary culture of mouse endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)
• for estrogen treatment in vitro
• in the in vitro maturation of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs)

The major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary.

The major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary. Estrogens direct the development of the female phenotype in embryogenesis and during puberty by regulating gene transcription and, thus, protein synthesis. It also induces the production of gonadotropins which, in turn, induce ovulation. Exposure to estradiol increases breast cancer incidence and proliferation.

powder-RT; stock-frozen in working aliquots, avoid repeated freeze/thaw

To prepare 20 μg/ml stock solution: add 1 ml absolute ethanol; gently swirl to dissolve; add 49 ml sterile medium while mixing.