179965

Toluene

Laboratory Reagent, ≥99.3%

• Linear Formula: C₆H₅CH₃
• CAS Number: 108-88-3
• Molecular Weight: 92.14
• Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 635760
• EC Number: 203-625-9
• MDL number: MFCD00008512
• UNSPSC Code: 12191501
• eCl@ss: 39011102
• PubChem Substance ID: 329751599
• grade: Laboratory Reagent
• assay: ≥99.3%
• application(s): microbiology
• bp: 110-111 °C (lit.)
• vapor pressure: 22 mmHg ( 20 °C); 26 mmHg ( 25 °C)

Properties

• grade: Laboratory Reagent
• Quality Level: 100
• vapor density: 3.2 (vs air)
• vapor pressure: 22 mmHg ( 20 °C); 26 mmHg ( 25 °C)
• assay: ≥99.3%
• form: liquid
• autoignition temp.: 997 °F
• expl. lim.: 7 %
• dilution: (for analytical testing)
• impurities: ≤0.05% water

Description

General description

Toluene, a flammable liquid with a pungent odor, is widely employed as organic solvent. It is widely used as a precursor for synthesizing benzene and as a solvent in the paint industry.[1] It has been reported to be a biotoxic solvent (toxic to many microorganisms at 0.1%v/v concentrations).[2] Its anaerobic biodegradation to CO₂, by the denitrifying bacterium Thauera arornatica has been reported.[3] It forms syndiotactic polystyrene-toluene molecular compound. Crystal structure of this molecular compound has been investigated by X-ray diffraction studies.[4]

Application

Toluene may be used as a solvent in the following studies:

• Preparation of 4-arm polylactide-based (PLA) star oligomer.[5]
• Transformation of C₆ sugar monomers/oligomers (glucose, maltose, and β-cyclodextrins) to levulinic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst.[6]

Toluene undergoes alkylation in the presence of modified ZSM (Zeolite Socony Mobil)-5-class zeolite catalysts to form p-xylene with high selectivity.[7] When doped on graphene, it acts as an electron donor leading to alteration in graphene electrical properties.[8]

Safety Information

• pictograms: GHS02,GHS08,GHS07
• signalword: Danger
• hcodes: H225,H304,H315,H336,H361d,H373,H412
• pcodes: P202 - P210 - P273 - P301 + P310 - P303 + P361 + P353 - P331
• Hazard Classifications: Aquatic Chronic 3 - Asp. Tox. 1 - Flam. Liq. 2 - Repr. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT RE 2 Inhalation - STOT SE 3
• target_organs: Central nervous system
• Storage Class: 3 - Flammable liquids
• wgk_germany: WGK 3
• flash_point_f: 39.9 °F - closed cup
• flash_point_c: 4.4 °C - closed cup