A6410

Apyrase from potatoes

ATPase ≥200 units/mg protein, lyophilized powder

• Synonym(s): Adenosine 5′-diphosphatase, Adenosine 5′-triphosphatase
• CAS Number: 9000-95-7
• EC Number: 3.6.1.5 (BRENDA, IUBMB)
• EC Number: 232-569-8
• MDL number: MFCD00130542
• UNSPSC Code: 12352204
• NACRES: NA.54

Properties

• type: Grade VI
• Quality Level: 200
• form: lyophilized powder
• ATPase activity: ≥200 units/mg protein
• secondary activity: ≤15 % of base activity ADPase
• mol wt: ~49 kDa by gel filtration
• composition: Protein, 30-60%
• solubility: H₂O: soluble 1.0 mg/mL
• foreign activity: Acid Phosphatase ≤2% of base activity
• storage temp.: −20°C

Description

General description

Apyrase, also known as ATP-diphosphohydrolase, is expressed in wide variety of plant and animal tissues. The commercially accessible apyrase enzyme is isolated from potato tubers.[1]

Application

Apyrase from potatoes has been used:

• to deplete ATP[2]
• to degrade endogenous extracellular ATP[3]
• as a supplement in acid citrate dextrose solution to treat blood obtained from anesthetized mice[4]

Apyrase is used to hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. For hydrolysis of organic di and triphosphates, the optimal pH is 6, and for inorganic substrates, the optimal pH is 5.1.[5] Apyrase, from Sigma, has been used in inhibition studies of platelet-aggregation [6].

At least two isoenzymes are found in different varieties of S. tuberosum: one with a high ATPase/ADPase ratio (∼10) and another with a low ratio (∼1).
Reaction: ATP → ADP+P_i → AMP+2P_i.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Apyrase hydrolyses the phosphoanhydride bonds of nucleoside tri- and di-phosphates in the presence of divalent cations.[1][7] It has wide substrate specificity for nucleotides. This property of the enzyme makes it suitable for different biotechnical applications, including DNA sequencing and platelet-aggregation inhibition.[1] Apyrase has adenosine 5′-triphosphatase (ATPase) and adenosine 5′-diphosphatase (ADPase) activities.

Apyrase is found in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Apyrase, from potato, has a crucial role in regulating growth and development. Apyrase is involved in the inactivation of synaptic ATP as a neurotransmitter following nerve stimulation and in the inhibition of ADP induced platelet aggregation to prevent thrombosis [8]. Divalent metal ions are required for activity and best activity is observed with calcium ion at 5 mM.

Packaging

Sold on the basis of ATPase units.

Other Notes

This grade has an exceptionally high ATPase/ADPase ratio.

Unit Definition

One unit will liberate 1.0 μmole of inorganic phosphate from ATP or ADP per min at pH 6.5 at 30 °C.

Physical form

Partially purified, lyophilized powder containing potassium succinate buffer salts.

Preparation Note

Derived from white potato

Safety Information

• pictograms: GHS08
• signalword: Danger
• hcodes: H334
• pcodes: P261 - P284 - P501
• Hazard Classifications: Resp. Sens. 1
• Storage Class: 11 - Combustible Solids
• wgk_germany: WGK 1
• flash_point_f: Not applicable
• flash_point_c: Not applicable
• ppe: Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)